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What is the Cyclical-Learning
Model?
To understand the concept of the
Cyclical-Learning Model a reflection on the traditional linear,
cumulative approach is required. First, the linear teaching model,
which is the most common academic teaching model, implies that
information is presented in some logical format in a start to finish
fashion. This technique was enhanced to included the concept of
cumulative learning, which implies that information presented at a
previous point is used to emphasize or build on new concepts or
information. This learning model was found to enhance the
performance of students, including students with learning
disabilities.
However, the linear, cumulative
learning model has its downside in that it does not promote or
ensure the long-term retention and fluency of skills. So
while the addition of cumulative instruction may assist a child with
a learning disability make progress, the progress is often short
lived.
The Cyclical-Learning Model addresses
the retention short-fall of previous models by ensuring that skills
are not just taught, but that they are re-taught as needed. While
this may seem an obvious addition to any learning model, its
actually implementation is not easy and not always possible in
traditional learning environments.
For example, the implementation of
the Cyclical-Learning Model in reading requires that all skills,
whether vowel fluency, rule fluency or sight word fluency, be
tracked for fluency individually over several months and often times
several years. This is because a person with a learning disability
will often achieve fluency in an skill and/or word, but then lose
fluency over time. The linear, cumulative model does nothing to
address this loss of fluency. The Cyclical-Learning Model, however,
does address this through intensive tracking and retesting, pickup
on the loss of fluency. When a loss of fluency is detected the skill
is re-taught as part of a continuously updating intervention plan.
The implications of the
Cyclical-Learning Model are many and often conflict with traditional
educational learning environments such as schools and short-term
learning programs. This is because there is no
"predictable" end to a student's program. While this may
seem contradictory to the notion that this model should improve a
student's progress, it is not. What it means is that while
predicting through pre-established goals when a student will achieve
long-term retention in a given skill is not possible, the fact
that the model is being used significantly improves the chances
that such long term retention will in fact occur.
The Cyclical-Learning Model, however,
does not ensure quality per-say. This is where the implementation of
a Clinical Process takes over.
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